Mechanism of Hypercholesterolemia-Induced Atherosclerosis

Hypercholesterolemia is involved in the development of atherosclerosis and a risk factor for coronary artery disease, stroke, peripheral vascular disease. This paper deals with mechanism hypercholesterolemic atherosclerosis. increases formation numerous atherogenic biomolecules including reactive oxygen species (ROS), proinflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-?)], expression intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), cell (VCAM-1), E-selectin, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating (GM-CSF) growth factors [insulin-like factor-1 (IGF-1), platelet-derived (PDGF-1) transforming factor-beta (TGF-?)]. ROS mildly oxidizes low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) to form minimally modified LDL (MM-LDL) which further oxidized (OX-LDL). also activates nuclear factor-kappa-B (NF-?B). The above are has been described detail. assists through AGE (advanced glycation end-products)-RAGE (receptor AGE) axis C-reactive protein (CRP). associated AGE, oxidative stress [AGE/sRAGE (soluble receptor AGE)] protein, decreases sRAGE, known be implicated In conclusion, hypercholesterolemia induces biomolecules, AGE-RAGE CRP.